Section F — Coach Hot — Heat and Your Body
This section covers Chapter 2, Lessons 2.1 through 2.4.
Part A — Vocabulary (20 points, 2 points each)
Select the best answer for each question.
1. Vasodilation (Grade 7 detail) is:
A) The narrowing of blood vessels in cold B) The widening of small blood vessels near the skin so warm blood can release heat — controlled by the autonomic nervous system C) A muscle contraction D) Always dangerous
2. Latent heat of vaporization is:
A) A muscle name B) The energy needed to turn liquid water into water vapor — sweat evaporating off skin takes a lot of energy from the skin, which cools the body C) The same as temperature D) A type of vitamin
3. Wet-bulb temperature is:
A) A normal thermometer reading B) A measure that combines air temperature with humidity — reflects how well the body can cool itself by evaporation C) The temperature of a hot bath D) Only relevant in winter
4. Heat acclimation is:
A) Avoiding all hot environments B) The body's gradual adjustment to repeated heat exposure — sweating starts earlier, sweat carries less salt, plasma volume rises, and exercise becomes more sustainable in heat C) A medication D) Impossible
5. Sweat composition in Grade 7 detail includes:
A) Pure water only B) Water plus sodium, chloride, smaller amounts of potassium, and trace amounts of other electrolytes C) Pure salt D) The same as urine
6. Hyponatremia (revisited at G7) is:
A) High blood sodium B) Low blood sodium — can occur when heavy sweating happens with only plain water replacement (or in rare cases drinking more water than the kidney can excrete) C) A type of breath D) A vitamin
7. Plasma volume expansion is:
A) Gaining weight as muscle B) An increase in the liquid component of blood that happens with heat acclimation — more fluid in circulation supports cooling and cardiovascular work C) The same as muscle fiber D) Only present in elderly people
8. Heat stroke is:
A) A type of stroke that only affects the brain B) A medical emergency — body's cooling system has failed, core temperature is dangerously high, often confusion, hot skin (or still sweating), needs immediate cooling and 911 C) The same as heat exhaustion D) A normal feature of hot weather
9. Exertional heat stroke is:
A) Heat stroke that happens during physical exertion, often in athletes — high body temperature combined with confusion and the failure of normal cooling B) The same as a regular sunburn C) Only seen in adults D) Always reversible without medical care
10. A cooling intervention (for heat illness) is:
A) Adding more layers B) Moving the person to shade or AC, removing extra clothing, applying cool wet cloths, immersing in cool water if possible, offering cool fluids if alert — and calling 911 for heat stroke C) Drinking hot tea D) Wrapping in blankets
Part B — Concept Comprehension (20 points, 2 points each)
Select the best answer for each question.
11. Vasodilation and vasoconstriction are:
A) The same thing B) Mirror-image responses — one moves blood to the skin to release heat (heat), the other pulls blood away from skin to conserve heat (cold) C) Both happen only in cold D) Unrelated
12. Sweat evaporates most efficiently when:
A) The air is hot, dry, and moving (low humidity, wind) B) The air is humid and still C) You are wearing heavy non-breathable clothing D) You are sitting in a covered hot tub
13. Humid heat (high wet-bulb temperature) is more dangerous than dry heat at the same temperature because:
A) Wind only blows in dry climates B) High humidity slows evaporation of sweat — the main cooling mechanism — so the body cannot shed heat as effectively C) Humid air burns more calories D) Dry heat has more sun
14. When a wet-bulb temperature approaches roughly 35°C (95°F):
A) People are perfectly fine B) The body cannot effectively cool itself even at rest, and prolonged exposure becomes dangerous — this is now treated as life-safety literacy as the climate changes C) Sweating is more useful than ever D) Nothing happens
15. During heavy sweating, drinking only plain water without replacing sodium can cause:
A) Slight headache from oversaturation B) Hyponatremia — dilution of blood sodium that can cause headache, confusion, seizures in severe cases C) Permanent vision change D) Muscle growth
16. Heat acclimation typically requires:
A) Five minutes B) Several days of repeated exposure (often around 7-14 days in research) — early sweating, plasma volume increase, and a more efficient cooling response build over time C) A lifetime D) A medication
17. Behavioral thermoregulation in heat means:
A) Forcing yourself to push through B) Practical choices like seeking shade, slowing pace, hydrating, removing layers, opening windows — these are often the fastest and most effective response C) Eating cold food only D) Avoiding all clothes
18. Heat exhaustion warning signs include:
A) Always feeling better and faster B) Heavy sweating, cool clammy skin, dizziness, nausea, headache, weakness C) Only sneezing D) No symptoms
19. Heat stroke warning signs include:
A) Mild thirst only B) Very high body temperature, confusion or altered mental state, sometimes hot dry skin (cooling system has failed), possible collapse — call 911 C) Only goosebumps D) Cool dry skin
20. Coach Hot's main message at Grade 7 is:
A) Heat is the enemy B) The heat response is real, measurable, and impressive in humans — and heat illness is real and progressive; recognition, hydration with electrolytes, behavioral choices, and acclimation are the practical levers C) Avoid heat completely D) Only drink salt water
Part C — Application (30 points, 6 points each)
Write 2-4 complete sentences for each question.
21. Describe vasodilation and vasoconstriction as mirror images. Use the words autonomic nervous system and body temperature in your answer.
22. Explain wet-bulb temperature in your own words. Why does humid heat at 90°F feel — and is — more dangerous than dry heat at 95°F?
23. Safety recognition. A teammate at a long soccer practice in the heat is sweating heavily, complains of dizziness and headache, and has cool clammy skin. A different teammate has stopped sweating, seems confused, and has hot skin. Identify which is heat exhaustion and which is heat stroke, and describe the appropriate response for each.
24. During heavy sweating, only drinking water (without electrolytes) can cause problems. Use the word sodium in your answer and explain what hyponatremia is.
25. Describe two practices an athlete can use to acclimate to heat over a 7-14 day window. (Note: these are research findings — Coach Hot does not write a personal training plan for you; describe the principles.)
Continue to Section G — Coach Breath.