Section: Coach Move — Why Your Body Was Built to Move
This section covers Chapter 1, Lessons 1.1 through 1.4.
Part A — Vocabulary (20 points, 2 points each)
Select the best answer for each question.
1. Physical activity is defined as:
A) Only structured workouts B) Any bodily movement that expends energy above resting; broader than exercise C) Walking only D) Activities that require equipment
2. Sedentary behavior describes:
A) The same as "not exercising" B) Activities in waking hours with very low energy expenditure, such as sitting or reclining C) Sleeping more than 9 hours D) Any non-running activity
3. Skeletal muscle is:
A) The voluntary movement muscle attached to bones via tendons, with about 600 muscles in the body B) The same as cardiac muscle C) Found only in the limbs D) Made entirely of fat
4. A tendon connects:
A) Bone to bone B) Muscle to bone, transmitting force C) Skin to muscle D) Nerve to muscle
5. A ligament connects:
A) Bone to bone, with limited blood supply and slow healing B) Muscle to bone C) Skin to bone D) Brain to spinal cord
6. Wolff's Law states that:
A) Muscle grows in proportion to dietary protein B) Bone adapts to the loads placed upon it C) Tendon strength is fixed at birth D) Joints heal faster with rest
7. Mitochondrial density refers to:
A) The thickness of muscle tissue B) The number of mitochondria per muscle cell, which increases with aerobic training C) Fat density in muscle D) The size of muscle fibers
8. BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor):
A) Decreases with exercise B) Increases with aerobic exercise and supports neuron health and growth C) Is unrelated to physical activity D) Is produced only during sleep
9. NEAT refers to:
A) Nutrient Energy Allocation Total B) Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis — energy from everyday non-exercise movement C) Neural Exercise Adaptation Threshold D) Nightly Endogenous Adaptation Time
10. Movement variability is the principle that:
A) Bodies need a single narrow activity repeated many times B) Bodies benefit from varied physical inputs across many different positions and intensities C) Variability is harmful to joints D) Only athletes need varied movement
Part B — Concept Comprehension (20 points, 2 points each)
Select the best answer for each question.
11. Approximately what percentage of body weight is musculoskeletal tissue in healthy young adults?
A) 10-15% B) 20-25% C) 40-45% D) 70-75%
12. Tendons differ from ligaments in that:
A) Tendons connect bone to bone; ligaments connect muscle to bone B) Tendons connect muscle to bone; ligaments connect bone to bone C) They are functionally identical D) Tendons are inside muscles; ligaments are inside bones
13. The sliding filament model describes:
A) How blood flows through capillaries B) How muscles contract via actin and myosin filaments sliding past each other C) How bone is remodeled D) How nerves transmit signals
14. According to a 2020 WHO analysis, approximately what percentage of adolescents (11-17) worldwide do not meet daily movement recommendations?
A) 25% B) 50% C) 81% D) 95%
15. Compared to chronic effects, acute effects of exercise:
A) Last for weeks B) Happen during and immediately after a single session C) Occur only in trained athletes D) Are less important
16. The most fundamental category of human movement, present in essentially every culture and life stage, is:
A) Weightlifting B) Locomotion — moving from place to place C) High-intensity intervals D) Stretching
17. Insulin sensitivity is best described as:
A) An allergic reaction to insulin B) How responsive cells are to insulin's signal; higher = better metabolic health and improved by movement C) The amount of insulin in food D) A condition that worsens with exercise
18. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are:
A) Two types of muscle fiber B) Bone cells that build (blast) and break down (clast) bone tissue continuously C) Joint lubrication chemicals D) Hormones in the pituitary
19. The chapter argues that adolescence is a critical window for:
A) Choosing a single sport for life B) Building bone density, with peak bone mass largely set by the late teens and early twenties C) Avoiding all impact activity D) Maximizing weightlifting volume
20. Hypokinetic conditions are:
A) Conditions caused by too much exercise B) Conditions associated with insufficient movement, including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes C) Genetic conditions D) Diseases of childhood only
Part C — Application (30 points, 6 points each)
Write 2-4 complete sentences for each question. Show your reasoning.
21. Explain, in physiological terms, why prolonged sitting carries health risks that are partially independent of how much someone exercises later in the day.
22. A peer says: "I don't really need to walk during the day — I run for an hour after school." Using what you learned in this chapter (especially about NEAT and sedentary behavior), evaluate this claim.
23. Describe three ways exercise affects the adolescent brain. Reference BDNF and what the chapter says about cognition, mood, or sleep.
24. The chapter argues that adolescence is a critical window for building bone density. Explain why, and describe what this means for a 15-year-old reading the chapter.
25. Define movement variability and movement nutrition. Give one practical example of how a student could apply both ideas across a normal school week.
Continue to the next section.